| Notes |
- --- From the notes of Serge Plaoutine:
She had 8,454 hectares in Sadovka and Kamenka d. Novokhopersk.
--- http://tsarselo.ru/yenciklopedija-carskogo-sela/istorija-carskogo-sela-v-licah/plautiny.html
Spouse Nikolai Sergeevich (1892) - Maria Mikhailovna , nee Raevskaya (1872-1942), the maid of honor of Empress Maria Feodorovna. His mother's father, Mikhail Nikolayevich Raevsky, inherited from his father Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky, a friend of Alexander Pushkin, a love of botany and was an excellent gardener-practitioner. He is known as the author of the book "Fruit School and Fruit Garden" and as President of the Imperial Russian Horticultural Society. MN Raevskiy was married to the lady of Maria Alexandrovna (wife of Alexander II) Princess Maria Grigoryevna Gagarina, they had four sons and six daughters, one of whom was Maria Mikhailovna, and was a spouse of Nikolai Sergeyevich and the mother of his sons. She later became the owner of the estate of Tesseli, which is next to the famous Foros in the Crimea, receiving it as a gift from his father in 1876. 3 She will perish in Algeria during the bombing with her youngest son and grandson.
The couple had four sons:
Nikolai (1893-1942), archaeologist, emigrated to Paris
Mikhail (1895-1920), ornithologist, was mortally wounded when Odessa left,
Sergei (1897-1969), a linguist, emigrated to Paris
George (1898-1942), was killed along with his mother and son in Algeria.
--- http://pushkin.ru/news/carskoselskay-gazeta/the-year-of-literature-dedicated-to-for-the-common-good-the-100th-anniversary-of-the-tsarskoye-selo-public-public-library.html
How it all began
Many families of Tsarskoe Selo could be proud of their rich home libraries, it was natural for financially affluent citizens. But it was not possible for every tsarist citizen to have a dozen or two books out of a peasant class, and many were drawn to education. Because the idea to organize a public library, like ordering time, for many decades worried the minds of indifferent townspeople.
Maria Platina, a RESIdent of Tsarskoe Selo, undertook to make a noble undertaking a reality. She decided to donate her home library, numbering several thousand volumes, to the common cause. Under the current rules it was necessary to determine the charter of the library, regulating its activities. All this fell on the shoulders of the founder, a woman educated and aimed at the fulfillment of her plan. To write the statute of the library, its approval in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Mary Mikhailovna had to spend a lot of time and effort. Finally, in 1901 the public library in Tsarskoe Selo opened its doors to the readers of the city and the surrounding neighborhoods.
For public use, approximately six thousand volumes were put on the library's bookshelves, mostly in Russian. The experts of English, French and German were not forgotten, for them a wide choice of literature was offered (a third of the total number of books was in foreign languages).
Spouses of Plautina
Little is known about Maria Mikhailovna Plautina. We know that she is the wife of Major-General Nikolai Sergeevich Plautin, who was in command of the Commander-in-Chief of the Guard of the Petersburg District (data for 1917). In the family, Sergei's son was raised, baptized in 1897 in the church of the Life Guards Regiment of the Hussar Regiment in Tsarskoe Selo. Spoutam Plautin owned a house on Moscow street, 55.
Nikolai Sergeevich from the family of hereditary soldiers, his father, Sergei Nikolaevich Plautin, is a retired Lieutenant-General. From his early childhood, Nikolai Plautin was destined to plunge into the military environment: he was brought up in the Nikolayev Cadet Corps, he received his education at the Nikolayev Cavalry School, after which he graduated from the Life Guards Regiment of his Majesty's Hussar in Tsarskoye Selo.
Nikolai Sergeevich was not a parquet officer, during the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) he was seconded to the headquarters of the commander-in-chief of the land and naval forces of Russia acting against Japan. For showing courage and personal heroism, he was awarded a gold weapon. For participation in the Russo-Japanese War Colonel Plautin's uniform was adorned with the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree with swords and a bow and St. Stanislaus of the 2nd degree with swords.
How was the library managed and financed?
The organizing center at the head of all affairs of the Tsarskoye Selo Public Library was an elected Society. It consisted of the honorary trustee M.M. Plautina, honorary and active members.
For the convenience of the readers, the library was open for a whole year on weekdays from 3 to 6 o'clock in the afternoon. Whether it was convenient for such a schedule to readers, now it is impossible to determine. But if it existed for 15 years, then it suited local bookworms. A considerable book collection required the corresponding premises, which was found in the city: the Tsarskoye Selo Public Library "sheltered" the Tsarskoye Selo primary school.
Any public charitable undertaking had no long-term prospects without a reliable financial basis. Therefore, the founder of the library took care of the library's capital in advance. In 1901 he was eight thousand rubles.
The library was kept at the expense of membership fees, donations, funds with concerts and performances arranged by the Society and subscription fees depending on the category. By the 1st category, no more than 3 books and 1 magazine were issued simultaneously, in the second category - no more than 2 books. The fee for the use of books and magazines was charged to readers of the 1st category in the amount of six rubles a year, four rubles a half a year or a ruble a month, and from readers of the second level - four rubles a year, two rubles 50 kopecks in six months or 60 kopecks a month.
The annual membership fees and other income of the library were distributed in accordance with the charter as follows: 90% went to the needs of the library, the remaining 10% were deducted into fixed assets.
The fee charged to the readers was distributed as follows: 40% was spent on the purchase of new books, bindings and other expenses related to the content of the library; The other 40% were placed at the disposal of the pedagogical council of the Tsarskoye Selo primary school, which provided the library with a room. Under the contract with the owners of the premises, the library paid for the rent of the occupied premises, in the case of finding a library of their own premises, the said 40% were sent to the library's fixed assets. 15% of the subscription fee was transferred to the disposal of the head of the library; The remaining 5% were sent to the main capital of the library.
Who was entrusted to the library
In 1915, Maria M. Plautina decided to transfer the public library she founded to the local zemstvos, which would have taken over the financing of the library, making the use of books for readers free.
Tsarskoselskoe zemstvo, having studied the offer of the founder of the library, made the following conclusions. "Taking into account the availability of the rich book stock of the Public Library and the absence of any other public library in Tsarskoe Selo ... the Board together with the school commission considers the library's acceptance of the Zemstvo office highly desirable, since the Zemstvo as an institution with a permanent staff of employees on issues of public education, and, in particular, on library technology, could strengthen the library's efficiency and ensure for the future the worthy existence of the latter. " The founder of the library is M.M. Plautina, together with the government and the school commission, worked out the conditions for transferring the library to the zemstvo. A positive decision put an end to this issue. Very soon the decision was implemented in practice, and a letter of thanks from the leadership of the Tsarskoye Selo Zemstvo was sent to Maria Mikhailovna. It stated that "on the issue of taking over the zemstvo established by the Tsarskoye Selo Public Library, the Extraordinary Zemstvo Assembly on July 10, 1915 decided: 1) To express MM Plautina's deep gratitude for the transfer of the Tsarskoye Selo Public Library established by her to the jurisdiction of the Zemstvo; 2) Take over the Zemstvo Tsarskoye Selo Public Library ... ".
The new owners of the library entrusted the management of the library to the Council. The Council was impressive, it included one representative from the Tsarskoye Selo Zemstvo Board and the Tsarskoye Selo Zemsky Assembly; the founder of the library. Plautine; a representative from Tsarskoe Selo, in the case of the introduction of urban public self-government; librarian; the head of the public education department of the government; two representatives from the readers of the library.
Afterword to what has been said
The events described unfolded a hundred years ago in Tsarskoe Selo, when the public library, founded in 1901 by M. M. Plautina, was transferred to the zemstvo authority in 1915 and became freely available to any RESIdent of the city. The modern library system of the Pushkin district can with good reason conduct its history from 1915 and celebrate its century in 2015.
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1872 - 1942 (70 years)
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